The Pathogenetic Mechanism of Optic Atrophy

The optic nerve is a tube that runs from the retina to the cerebral cortex, carrying video signals. As the optic nerve is affected, it loses the ability to send messages to the brain. Optic nerve disorders, such as optic neuropathy (optic nerve atrophy), are progressive and degenerative pathologies of the optic nerve that invariably result in vision failure. Apoptosis (programmed death) in retinal nerve cells or other nearby nerve tissues causes the majority of optic nerve disorders. Pathophysiological processes of occurrence are diverse in certain pathologies.

Their incidence may be caused by a variety of factors:

Glaucoma (higher intraocular pressure), myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, eye infections, pathological processes, retinal damage, optic nerve irritation (neuritis), and other ophthalmic disorders.

Injuries include craniocerebral damage and trauma to the eye's systems.

Meningioma, osteosarcoma, optic nerve glioma, and orbital malignant tumours are also examples of neoplasms in the orbital cavity.

Arachnoiditis (meningeal inflammation), brain cancer, pituitary tumours, multiple sclerosis, brain abscesses, and meningitis are also conditions that affect the central nervous system.

Aneurysms, atherosclerotic alterations of the optic nerve, thrombus blockage in the central artery, elevated intracranial pressure owing to arterial hypertension, and retinopathies of different etiologies are also examples of vascular pathologies.

Optic nerve atrophy (ONA) is marked by a reduction in the size and death of nerve fibres, as well as decreased blood supply in the smallest capillaries. As blood flow in the arteries supporting nerve structures is disrupted, the cells suffer from oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) and undergo detrimental metabolic changes. Stemcell therapy for Optic Nerve Atrophy can majorly help and bring about some major changes.